{"id":2369,"date":"2020-09-08T13:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T11:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.servicemeister.org\/2020\/09\/08\/kuenstliche-intelligenz-und-recht-was-ki-anwender-im-mittelstand-wissen-sollten\/"},"modified":"2023-05-05T13:52:42","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T11:52:42","slug":"artificial-intelligence-and-the-law-what-ai-users-in-smes-should-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.servicemeister.org\/en\/2020\/09\/08\/artificial-intelligence-and-the-law-what-ai-users-in-smes-should-know\/","title":{"rendered":"Artificial intelligence and the Law: What AI users in SMEs should know"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>By Nils Klute, Specialist IT Editor and IoT Project Manager at eco \u2013 Association of the Internet Industry<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><em>Although more and more industries are processing data with artificial intelligence (AI), there is no dedicated AI law. \u201cAs long as there are no AI regulations, the requirements can only be derived from the applicable laws,\u201d said Dr. Lutz M. Keppeler, specialist lawyer for IT law, recently in a Serivce-Meister webinar.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Health insurance companies evaluate the individual health risks of their members with AI. Banks detect suspicious account movements using AI. And <a href=\"https:\/\/www.servicemeister.org\/en\/2020\/08\/12\/how-data-can-drive-the-optimization-of-industrial-production\/\">manufacturing relies on machine data and AI<\/a> to optimize processes, keep equipment available, and accelerate service processes. \u201cThere is hardly an industry today that does not work with AI,\u201d said Dr. Lutz M. Keppeler in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.servicemeister.org\/2020\/07\/01\/video-datenstrategien-im-ki-umfeld\/\">Service-Meister webinar<\/a> held in July 2020 (in German). The specialist lawyer for IT law at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.heuking.de\/en.html\">Heuking K\u00fchn L\u00fcer Wojtek<\/a> spoke about the legal framework which is relevant for users when they want to collect data and process it with AI. \u201cAlthough AI is widely used today, there is no dedicated AI law,\u201d Keppler said. \u201cBut the EU Commission is working on a <a href=\"https:\/\/templatearchive.com\/ai-white-paper\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">White Paper on the Regulation of AI<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>White Paper on AI from the EU Commission: Derive minimum requirements from the potential risk<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Which requirements apply to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.servicemeister.org\/en\/2020\/05\/12\/ki-in-medizin-und-industrieservice-daten-teilen-wissen-verbreiten\/\">training data<\/a>? What must users document and store? When is human oversight required? \u201cRegardless of whether autonomous driving or biometric data \u2013 the White Paper will regulate all relevant aspects and derive certain minimum requirements from the potential risk,\u201d said Keppler. At present, however, the EU Commission has not yet presented a final result. \u201cIn the absence of AI rules, the requirements can only be derived from existing law.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Example: Data protection law.<br>\u201cLawyers are always asked who actually owns data,\u201d said Keppler. \u201cBut there is no such thing as ownership of information.\u201d<br><br>Exceptions are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Trade secrets and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/englisch_urhg\/englisch_urhg.html#p0030\">Database works<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Whether the condition and operating parameters of machines can be a trade secret at all remains questionable. This is different with AI training data and information collections for predictive maintenance: These are regarded as database works because the companies have invested in order to collect, prepare, and store information in such a targeted manner. What does that mean exactly? If you want to share service or training data with third parties, this should be contractually regulated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Pitfalls of personal data protection<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Even if <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Personal_data\">personal data<\/a> to be protected, it is important to know the pitfalls. In practice, far more data can be assigned to a person than many users are aware of. For example, not only individual names and email addresses are to be regarded as personal, but also entire data records that can be related to individuals. \u201cThis applies to time stamps, log files and IP addresses if they can be assigned to a person with a certain amount of effort,\u201d said Keppler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AI users should also ask themselves who is responsible for data. \u201cAn AI cannot yet be responsible for itself,\u201d Keppler said. Everyone who operates and controls an AI system is ultimately liable. In a project such as Service-Meister, it is also possible to have a collective responsibility that extends across all actors in the ecosystem. What this looks like in practice is shown by the example of Facebook: \u201cThe operators and the US provider are jointly responsible for all data shared by the followers on the so-called fan pages on the social media platform,\u201d said Keppler.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3><strong>Data processing allowed with three exceptions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u201cAnyone who wants to process information with AI should clarify whether they are allowed to use the data at all,\u201d said Keppler. Data protection law and the GDPR generally prohibit all processing \u2013 with three exceptions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>The parties concerned have consented. A prerequisite for this is that, for a consent to be valid, data processors must explain to users in a comprehensible and understandable way what exactly will happen with the information. Complex AI systems sometimes make it difficult to meet this legal requirement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The data processing is necessary to fulfil a contract. For example, online shops are allowed to process names and addresses in order to fulfil sales contracts and deliver ordered products.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is a legitimate interest. When cameras and AI secure public places, people are often recognizable. Here, the legitimate interest nevertheless justifies data processing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3><strong>AI systems need transparency from a legal perspective<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Regardless of the background against which companies want to use AI systems \u2013 users should weigh up all aspects carefully. \u201cWhat data does my AI use, on what legal basis is the processing being carried out and for what purpose is information being analyzed?\u201d said Keppler. \u201cAI systems also need transparency from a legal standpoint.\u201d However: Being able to explain all the ways of thinking and decision-making of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.servicemeister.org\/en\/2020\/03\/24\/vertrauen-in-ki-warum-sich-algorithmen-erklaeren-muessen\/\">neural network in a comprehensible way<\/a> is not necessary from a legal perspective. Because: \u201cIf the consent of the person concerned has been obtained, the question is moot.\u201d However, users are obliged at all times to assess and document the consequences of their data processing. \u201cThe GDPR has introduced regulations in this respect, which also apply to the deletion or correction of personal data,\u201d said Keppler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><strong><strong>You liked this article? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.servicemeister.org\/en\/newsletter\/\"><strong>Then subscribe to our <\/strong><\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.servicemeister.org\/en\/newsletter\/\" target=\"_blank\">newsletter<\/a> and receive regular updates on similar topics and the Project Service-Meister<\/strong><\/strong> <strong>and discuss with us about this and similar exciting topics in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/groups\/8912754\/\">LinkedIn Group<\/a><\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Although more and more industries are processing data with artificial intelligence (AI), there is no dedicated AI law. \u201cAs long as there are no AI regulations, the requirements can only be derived from the applicable laws,\u201d said Dr. Lutz M. Keppeler, specialist lawyer for IT law, recently in a Serivce-Meister webinar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2215,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[147,187,186,183,184,185],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Artificial intelligence and the Law: What AI users in SMEs should know - Service-Meister<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.servicemeister.org\/en\/2020\/09\/08\/artificial-intelligence-and-the-law-what-ai-users-in-smes-should-know\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Artificial intelligence and the Law: What AI users in SMEs should know - Service-Meister\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Although more and more industries are processing data with artificial intelligence (AI), there is no dedicated AI law. \u201cAs long as there are no AI regulations, the requirements can only be derived from the applicable laws,\u201d said Dr. Lutz M. 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